「赵永安java」赵永安医生
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第3集 躯体（Body）
自从达尔文撰写下《物种起源》以来，对“缺失的一环”的探索引起了我们的极大的想象。这就是神话般的半人半猿如何变成现实的故事，以及它们如何改变了我们对祖先的看法。这部纪录片电影重建了一个小男孩的死亡时刻，从150万年前开始，他的骨骼化石揭示了猿人的真实本性。在肯尼亚的纳裏奥科托姆湖边被发现後，人们给他起的名字叫作“纳裏奥科托亩男孩（Nariokotome Boy），他是一个身材高大的运动青年，在一个几乎已经是人的身体裏，我们可以自豪地称他为人类的祖先。他来自非洲的起源地，其物种属於非常成功的掠食者（食肉动物），他统治了那时的世界超过一百万年。但他的大脑很小。虽然他在这种人类形态中，却有著一种野生动物的思维。
二百万年前，在非洲的热带草原上，一个很小的类似猿的生物发明了工具和肉食，开始了有别於它们猿祖先的进化过程。
印度尼西亚蘇拉卡尔塔市场
在爪哇科学家们寻找一种奇怪的生物，介於我们现代人和最早的猿祖先的猿人，这是个既不是人也不是猿的阶段。
古生物学家理查德·裏基（Paleontologist Richard Leakey）
肯尼亚内陆湖图尔卡纳湖，裏基小组找到了我们最早的猿祖先的惊人的证据，300万年的非洲南部猿的化石记录了我们进化历程的早期岁月，但是它离我们人类还有很远的差距。
印度尼西亚特裏尼尔
全世界的科学家们都在找寻一种被称为“缺少的一环”的生物，他能把我们和最早的猿祖先联系起来。
一位名叫尤金·杜波依斯的科学家在1891年深入爪哇，因为他确信在哪儿可以找到证据。现在我们把杜波依斯的发现称为“直立的人”，一个生活在50万年前的生物。
尤金·杜波依斯发现的牙齿
尤金·杜波依斯发现的直立人头盖骨
尤金·杜波依斯发现了人的股骨
杜波依斯认为他发现了缺少的一环，但其他的科学家不敢苟同他的观点，人类祖先的大脑应该具有人的大脑。希普曼博士：“我们是如此看重这件事，因为我们感觉大脑是我们与其他的动物区别开来的主要方面，也就是当杜波依斯发现了脑像猿而腿像人的时候，他发现的是与大家的期望相悖的东西。”
肯尼亚图尔卡纳湖
图尔卡纳湖纳立克托亩河
化石猎人（Fossil hunter）卡墨亚·基缪（Kamoya Kimeu）在图尔卡纳湖纳立克托亩河一颗树根底下与考古学家发掘出一个完整的十二岁左右的男孩骸骨，这是一个正在往人进化路上的年轻男性，他埋藏地底已一百四十万年，是一个“直立人”。
小孩的头盖骨化石保留了骨结构的细节，为这种生物的思维能力提供了新的证据。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的艾伦·沃克教授（Prof Alan walker of Pennsylvania state university）：“早已为人所知的白洛嘉部分是语言的运动区之一，所以当我看见一个非常发达的白洛嘉头盖骨有这麼一小块，我就认定这个小孩会说话了。”但是，经过对脊椎骨深入分析後科学家断定他只能是做简单的发音和交流。
他们第一次发现了150万年前的生物的完整的骨架，他生活在人类进化的中期，正好是在我们和猿祖先的交界处。科学家通过对这个骨架脊椎的研究，判断出他是人而不是动物。
150万年前的巨大的像人的生物开始进化，比现代人体格更大更强壮。
印度尼西亚桑吉蓝
直立人的头盖骨
这是直立人的头盖骨，是在印度尼西亚和东南亚最新发现之一。帕特·希普曼博士（Dr Pat Shipman）：“我们在印度尼西亚发现直立人时，要找寻的是起源於非洲人的後裔，它们起源於非洲东部像肯尼亚的纳立克托亩这样的地方，之後迁徙到世界各地，能够容忍它们生存下来的地方。”帕特·希普曼认为，他们离开非洲是为了找寻食物，你在找寻的高级的食肉动物，它们是人科动物，是高效率的狩猎者。
直立的人是第一个离开非洲的像人的生物，从他们非洲的家园穿越了危险的热带草原，茂密的丛林和广阔的山区，我们的祖先行程6000英裏，比我们想象的要进化得多，缺少的一环比我们想象的离我们要近得多。
卡墨亚·基缪获得美国总统罗纳德·裏根颁发的约翰·奥裏佛奖章
宾夕法尼亚州立大学的艾伦·沃克教授（Prof Alan Walker）：“从远处看这个生物有人的躯体，看上去很像人，但令我们困惑的是他并不具备语言功能。”我们现在知道早在420万年前人就可以直立行走了，我们人类的进化已经进入到一半，但并没有影响我们的大脑。进化不是在身体各部位开始的生理变化，而是一步步逐渐开始的过程，达尔文试图把人类的解剖学和生理学混为一谈，他说直立行走可以使双手获得自由，这对大脑有一个反馈机制。
150万年前在地球上出现了一种独特的物种，巨大的像人的生物开始进化，他们比现代人体格更大更强壮，其模样与我们相近，而且是“直立人”，除了一点就是我们与其它动物区别开来的大脑。他们大脑的智商只及一个现代人类的一岁孩子，半人半动物的物种渐渐进化为一个超级猎人，他们就是我们直接的祖先。
The search for the 'missing link' has caught our imagination ever since Darwin wrote The Origin of Species. This is the remarkable story of how the mythical half-man, half-ape, became reality - and how it changed our view of our ancestors.The film reconstructs the dying moments of a young boy, whose fossilised skeleton from 1.5 million years ago has revealed the true nature of the ape-man. Nicknamed Nariokotome Boy (after the lake in Kenya where he was found), he was a tall athletic youth we could be proud to call an ancestor, in a practically human body.His species were phenomenally successful predators and, from his origins in Africa, he dominated the world for over a million years. But his brain was tiny. Inside this human form was the mind of a wild animal.
Two million years ago, in the savanna of Africa, a very small ape - like creature invented tools and meat, and began to evolve from their ancestors.
Indonesia s' Surakarta market
In Java, Scientists are looking for a strange creature, Between our modern humans and the earliest ape ancestors, This is a stage that is neither human nor ape.
paleontologist Richard Leakey
Lake turkana, inland lake, Kenya, The Leakey team found the amazing evidence of our earliest ape ancestors, The fossil record of three million years of australopithecine australopithecus recorded the early years of our evolutionary history. But it's a long way from us.
Trinil, Indonesia
Scientists around the world are looking for something called a "missing link", He can associate us with the earliest ape ancestors.
Dr. Pat shipman, an anthropologist at Pennsylvania State University and Author of the biography of Eugene dubois: "Since Darwin first published the origin of man in 1859, People are increasingly attracted to the missing link, It is a form of transformation from ape to man. Since then, scientists around the world have looked around for evidence of a missing link, Find the missing part of the remnants."
A scientist named Eugene dubois went deep into Java in 1891, Because he was sure where to find the evidence. Now we call the discovery of du bois' upright man, A creature that lived half a million years ago.
The teeth found by Eugene dubois
Eugene dubois discovered the skull of homo erectus
Eugene dubois discovered the human femur
Du bois thought he found a missing link, But other scientists disagree with him, The brain of a human ancestor should have a human brain. Dr. Shipman: "We value it so much, Because we feel that the brain is the main thing that differentiates us from other animals, That is, when Dubois discovered the brain like ape and legs like people, What he found was something contrary to what everyone expected.
Lake turkana, Kenya
Nariokotome river, Turkana lake
Fossil hunter Kamoya Kimeu Under a tree root in lake turkana, and archaeologists excavate a complete skeleton of a boy about twelve years old, This is a young man on the way to human evolution, He has buried the earth for 1.4 million years. It's a homo erectus.
The skull of the child retains the details of the bone structure, New evidence is provided for this creature's ability to think. Prof Alan walker of Pennsylvania state university: "Already known Paul broca part is one of the motor areas of language, so when I saw a very developed Paul broca have so a small piece of skull, I decided that the child would speak." But after deep analysis of the vertebrae, the scientists concluded that he could only make simple sounds and communicate.
They first discovered the complete skeleton of the creature 1.5 million years ago. He lived in the middle of human evolution, just at the junction of our ancestors and our ancestors. The scientists determined that he was human, not animal, by studying the skeleton spine. The huge human-like creatures of 1.5 million years ago began to evolve, much larger and stronger than modern humans.
Sangiran, Indonesia
The cranium of homo erectus
This is the skull of homo erectus, one of the most recent discoveries in Indonesia and southeast Asia. Dr Pat Shipman: "We found that h. erectus in Indonesia, want to find is originated from African descent, they originated in East Africa, such as Kenya, writes Eric mu, then migrate to all over the world, to be able to tolerate it survive." Pat shipman thinks, They left Africa in search of food. The advanced carnivores you're looking for, They are hominids, efficient hunters.
Upright person is the first person to leave Africa as creatures, from their homes in Africa through the dangerous savanna, dense jungle and vast mountainous area, our ancestors travel 6000 miles, much more than we imagine evolution, missing from us than we thought is much more nearly.
Kamoya Kimeu was awarded the John oliver medal by President Ronald Reagan
Prof Alan Walker: "Looking at the creature from a distance, it looks very human, but what puzzles us is that he doesn't have the language." We now know that as early as 4.2 million years ago, we could have walked upright, and our human evolution has reached half, but it hasn't affected our brains. Evolution is not at the beginning of each part of the body physiological changes, but step by step, begin the process of gradually, Darwin tried to confuse the human anatomy and physiology, he said to walk upright can make hands free, this is a feedback mechanism for the brain.
On earth 1.5 million years ago there was a unique species, huge creatures evolved, they were stronger than build larger, more modern, its shape similar to us, and it is "homo erectus," in addition to that we distinguish from the other animals of the brain. Their brains are only a one-year-old child of a modern human, and the half-human, half-animal species evolved into a super-hunter, and they are our immediate ancestors.
文字：《杰特逊工作室》(JENTSON STUDIO) 制作
视频：《杰特逊工作室》(JENTSON STUDIO) 纪录片数据库BBC-5号
翻译：赵永安
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